Diabetes (or Diabetes Mellitus)

Diabetes is a disease characterized by the ineffectual secretion or action of insulin in the body.  The technical term for diabetes is diabetes mellitus, or literally “honey-sweet diabetes.”  The ineffectual action of the insulin leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).  There are various types of diabetes, the most common being type 1 and type 2.

 

Type 1 diabetes is sometimes called juvenile onset diabetes.  It is characterized by the body’s inability to create insulin. 

Type 2 diabetes is sometimes called adult diabetes.  It is characterized by the body’s inability to use insulin.

 

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Onset

Often as a child or adolescent.

Generally develops as an adult, but can be developed as a child.

Symptoms

Increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss, fatigue

See Type 1

Treatment

Insulin (injections or oral)
Surgery

Diet and exercise modification

Risk Factors

Genetics, environment

Diet, obesity, genetics, environment

As of 2006, the World Health Organization estimates there to be at least 171 million people suffering from diabetes worldwide.  The American Diabetes Association estimates that there are 20.8 million adults and children with diabetes in the United States.

 


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